Each learner will then have his/her own stone to observe at each station. Otherwise, you could place the different items at different stations (for example, 10 similar stones at station 1, 10 sand samples at station 2, etc.) and let the learners move from one station to the next. You could also bring items to school yourself, ensuring that there are at least 4 items per learner. Make sure to point out to learners that concrete and brick are made-made materials, although they have similar properties to rocks.Īlternatively learners can be sent out onto the school grounds to find the items (about 10 minutes). Some learners might be tempted to bring in pieces of brick and cement as examples of rock. Learners need to be asked before the lesson to bring these items to school. This activity can be done as an introduction to the section, before the content is discussed. Encourage learners to look carefully and to capture as much detail as possible.
This can be used as a project to be conducted throughout the term.Īctivity: Building a model of the formation of sedimentary rockĪctivity: Comparing the properties of igneous rocksĬlassification, organising information, making deductionsĪctivity: What minerals are found on Earth?ĭuring this activity learners will be required to observe carefully and put their observations into words. This sets the scene for the next chapter on mining the mineral resources.ĭesign, making a model, applying knowledge, translating information The three rock types are introduced, which is followed by investigating what rocks are really made of - minerals. This gives the background information need to introduce the rock cycle which involves the upper part of the mantle and the crust.
We then step back and look at the concentric layers which make up the Earth. The first section on 'What is the lithosphere?' gets learners to investigate their environment first, discovering that the lithosphere is found all around them. The lithosphere is also part of the Earth where the rock cycle is found. The lithosphere refers to the outer part of the geosphere, which includes the upper part of the mantle and the crust. The geosphere consists of the three concentric layers of the Earth: the core, the mantle and the crust. The lithosphere is part of a larger sphere called the geosphere. The focus for this chapter is the lithosphere and the processes involved in its formation.
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